Each mouth is unique. The size and the shape of your mouth, the number of teeth you have, the alignment of your teeth and any dental health issues all differ from one person to the next. Most of these differences are no cause for concern, whereas others may require a visit to the dentist and even medical attention. Visiting your dentist on a regular basis is essential to determine which features are normal versus those that could be classified as an abnormality.

Tori are one of these concerns. They can be found in the roof of your mouth or on the bottom of your mouth, under your tongue, and what causes mandibular tori differs from patient to patient. Tori are non-cancerous bony growths which some studies suggest may affect up to 40% of the population, and they typically do not cause any issues.

A Closer Look at Mandibular Tori

Mandibular tori are more common than palatal tori, which are found on the roof of your mouth. Older patients are more likely to present with tori, some patients may have both types, and they typically differ in size and position from patient to patient. Some tori are the size of teeth whilst others can extend from one side of your mouth to the other. Smaller mandibular tori are often unnoticeable and you may not even know that you have any until your dentist carries out an examination of your mouth. Larger tori can be felt in the mouth and may be problematic.
They can present as a ridge-like growth adjacent to your teeth or as a lump inside of your mouth. Most tori do not cause any pain; however, if they are larger or in a certain position it may be uncomfortable to bite and chew certain foods and there may be a greater chance of mouth injury.

Another potential problem caused by mandibular tori are dental hygiene issues. There is a greater chance of food particles and bacteria becoming lodged around or between the tori and your teeth, potentially resulting in tooth decay and gum disease.

What Causes Mandibular Tori?

Genetics
There has been much research into what causes mandibular tori. Studies suggest that one of the causes of mandibular tori is genetic predisposition and influence, meaning that they may be hereditary. Unfortunately this is unavoidable. In most cases the tori will be asymptomatic and not require any further treatment; however, regular checkups with your dentist are needed to prevent other related complications.

Bruxism
Certain factors such as bruxism can also be what causes mandibular tori. Bruxism, also known as teeth grinding, is common in children although it usually disappears in adulthood. If it is severe and left untreated it can lead to a range of dental health complications. Studies show that continuous grinding or clenching of the teeth puts stress on the jawbone, potentially stimulating the growth of excess bone tissue. This presents in the form of tori in the mouth.

Crooked Teeth
In certain patients, misalignment issues with the teeth could be what causes mandibular tori. Many people suffer with crooked, protruding or overlapping teeth, where positioning causes stress and tension on the jawbone. This then causes mandibular tori or abnormal bony growths to develop in an effort to support the different positions of the teeth. Undergoing orthodontic treatment at an early age is an effective way of preventing the formation of tori later on in life.

Vitamin Deficiencies
Many studies suggest that a vitamin deficiency may be what causes mandibular tori in some cases. Vitamin D is essential for good dental health, helping with calcium absorption to develop strong, healthy teeth. Vitamin D deficiency is common in adults, which can result in the demineralisation of the teeth. This leaves them more prone to fracture and can also cause other dental health issues such as gum disease. Vitamin D can be purchased over the counter if a deficiency is detected or if you would like to increase the levels in your body. This can help promote better dental health and reduce the chance of developing mandibular tori. Other vitamin deficiencies which may be responsible for causing mandibular tori include vitamin C and vitamin B12 – both of which are also important for healthy teeth and gums. Adding a multivitamin into your daily routine can be a good way to prevent vitamin deficiencies and enjoy better health overall.

Managing Mandibular Tori
As mentioned above, most mandibular tori are asymptomatic and you may not even notice their existence before undergoing an examination by your dentist. In rare cases where mandibular tori do cause problems in your daily life or dental health concerns such as tooth decay or gum disease, removal is possible. Speak to your dentist to find out more if you have any concerns.

Over the last few years the healthcare sector, including the dental industry, is investing more time, money and education into sustainability and environmentally friendly practices. It is important that this continues at a steady rate and that more dental clinic implement green practices, both to attract more patients and to reduce their significant carbon footprint. Environmentally-conscious patients are interested in eco-friendly dentistry, knowing that whilst looking after their dental health by choosing green practices they are also helping to look after the environment.

Dental Waste and Pollution

Dental practices can generate a wide variety of hazardous waste. This includes metal and chemical waste as well as infectious waste. Thanks to advances in dental technology there are treatments and procedures in place which promote eco-friendly dentistry and can help reduce the amount of waste generated.

Amalgam Waste

Amalgam waste is more commonly known as that containing mercury and mercury compounds, which are toxic and can be harmful to humans. Amalgam waste comes from traditional dental fillings. Often more amalgam is produced than required, leading to wastage. Another concern is disposal: amalgam waste needs to be placed in a container with a mercury suppressant and handled by a waste management company.

To reduce amalgam waste, dental practices need to promote composite resin fillings. Composite resin fillings are the most common alternative to dental amalgam. They are made of a type of plastic reinforced with powdered glass filler. They are beneficial for patients because they are tooth coloured and therefore significantly less noticeable than traditional amalgam fillings. They are strong and long-lasting, serving as an excellent example of eco-friendly dentistry as they reduce both mercury-related health and environmental concerns.

Silver and Lead Waste from X-Rays

Silver- and lead-containing waste can be another issue in dental practices. Silver waste is generated in spent x-ray fixer, which needs to be disposed of carefully to avoid health and environmental concerns. Lead-containing waste includes lead foil from x-ray packets, which can contaminate soil and groundwater again if disposed of improperly. Heavy metal poisoning and pollution can have significant consequences on human health. It can cause a wide range of health disorders including cancer, and can cause developmental defects in foetuses. Environmental effects of heavy metal pollution include the disruption of food chains and the ecosystem because they are non-biodegradable and can accumulate in their surroundings.

Although X-rays pose multiple environmental and human health threats, more dental X-rays are carried out than any other type of x-ray; this number extends into the millions each year according to the UK Health Security Agency. Choosing digital imaging rather than x-ray is an excellent form of eco-friendly dentistry. Digital imaging produces 80% less radiation than traditional x-ray film whilst also reducing chemical waste from lead foils and toxic x-ray fixer. Digital imaging can often replace x-rays, being used for cosmetic dental treatment as well as modern orthodontics e.g. in the design and creation of clear thermoplastic aligners to replace traditional metal braces. Digital imaging should be suitable for most patients and is particularly preferable for children, posing little or no health risk in comparison to x-rays.

Disinfectants and Sterilisers

Disinfectants and sterilisers are commonly used to sterilise dental instruments. They are composed of a variety of chemicals which can pose a threat to health and the environment, and must be disposed of safely to mitigate risk. For eco-friendly dentistry, the CDC recommends using heat-tolerant or disposable items instead of heat-sensitive items which require liquid cleaning products. If using disposable items, it is important to make sure that they are recyclable or that they are recycled items. For heat-tolerant items, eco-friendly dentistry includes the use of automated processes, like ultrasonic baths or thermal washer disinfectants rather than chemicals to clean them.

Infectious Waste

A prime example of infectious waste generated at dental practices is blood soaked gauze: a form of biomedical hazardous waste. Another example is extracted teeth or tissues, which are also biomedical hazards that can contain infectious materials or pathogens which could put dentists and other patients at risk. Although infectious waste cannot be avoided at the dental practice or other healthcare places, it is important to follow regulations to prevent health and environmental risks. This includes labelling all infectious waste correctly and ensuring you keep it in assigned containers to prevent spills and exposure while storing and transporting.

Sharps

Sharps include needles, scalpels and other sharp instruments used at the dental practice. Sharp injuries are common and can pose serious health risks, including HIV/AIDS. Dentists need to use needles, scalpels and other sharp instruments on a daily basis, but minimising use where possible can help to reduce risk to human health and the environment.

Laser dental treatment is a modern form of green dentistry that acts as an excellent alternative to the use of sharps in dental practices. This is now available at most environmentally friendly practices across the country. Not only is it safer for the dentist and the patient, but it is also better for the environment. Avoiding the use of sharps means no waste and reduced use of chemical sterilisers and disinfectants. Laser dental treatment can be used as an alternative therapy for many dental health concerns, including gum disease and certain types of cosmetic dentistry. It is a preferred method of dentistry amongst dentists and patients alike, especially those suffering from dental phobia.

Patients and dental practices alike are becoming increasingly more environmentally conscious. Embracing more green practices within a dental practice offers a myriad of benefits, attracting more patients and promoting better dental health, overall health, less waste and reduced damage to the environment.

Even the best-fitting dentures (as they all should be) take getting used to and it will take time to adjust to the strangeness of the new artificial teeth. It is only to be expected that there will be some initial denture discomfort and even mild pain, but this should pass quickly as the mouth and jaw become accustomed to the new oral configuration.

However, in the early days of denture-wearing, the level of pain and discomfort can be extremely off-putting for many and it may be necessary to seek some level of denture pain relief.

Getting Dentures Fitted

Dentures are one of the most common methods for replacing lost or badly damaged teeth, but they are not the only solution. It is important to explore options and learn more about available ways to replace teeth and which is best in each individual case.

Step 1: Consultation. To decide if fitting dentures is the most suitable option, the dentist will carry out a thorough oral examination and evaluate the condition of the teeth and gums. Having decided on dentures, the dentist will then outline the available denture types and explain the next steps.

Step 2: Impressions. It will be necessary to create a mould of the teeth and take an impression of the jawbone in order to create a custom-fit set of dentures. This is a simple, painless procedure and usually completed in one session.

Step 3: Manufacturing. The moulds and impressions are sent to a specialist dental lab where the dentures will be manufactured. This can be a time-consuming process as it depends on the type of dentures being fabricated and the complexity of the work involved.

Step 4: First Fitting and Adjustments. During the manufacturing process, it may be necessary to attend a fitting appointment. This is very common as, despite best efforts, it is highly unlikely that the dentures will be a perfect fit the first time. Follow-up visits will likely also be required to make further minor adjustments.

Step 5: Denture Care. As with natural teeth, dentures also need care and attention. It is important to follow guidelines and cleaning instructions from the dentist to maintain the dentures in optimum condition. Over time dentures will need slight adjustments as the configuration of the mouth changes with age and regular check-ups at the dentist are crucial.

Getting used to a new set of dentures takes time and some denture discomfort at first is quite normal. Difficulty with eating and speaking may also be a problem in the early days. However, these issues should quickly resolve themselves and wearing dentures will soon begin to feel natural.

Denture Discomfort According to Type

There are three types of dentures (partial, intermediate and complete) and each has its own characteristics that may lead to some level of discomfort.

Partial dentures should cause few or minor issues as they only replace a single tooth or a few teeth. The mouth has little problem adjusting to the new false teeth and they should settle very quickly.

Intermediate dentures are used to replace a large number of teeth and therefore may take more getting used to. However, pain or discomfort should not be a major problem and should slowly dissipate over a few days or weeks.

Complete dentures replace multiple teeth, or even a full set, and can dramatically alter the configuration of the mouth. As a result, some pain and discomfort can usually be expected and may require the use of painkillers in the initial stages.

Denture Discomfort Across All Types

Regardless of the type of denture, there are three main causes of denture discomfort:

• Adjustment period
• Poor fit
• Bacterial build-up

The adjustment period is simply something that must be endured while poorly fitting dentures will require remedial action by the dentist or laboratory responsible. Changes in the structure of the mouth over time may cause fitting issues in the future. Bacterial build-up can be largely avoided by following the best care and cleaning procedures.

Strategies to Reduce Denture Discomfort

There are some simple measures that can be taken to reduce aches and pains in the early days of adjusting to your dentures:

• Stick to soft food
• Use dental adhesive for added support
• Clean dentures thoroughly
• Rinse dentures occasionally in warm water
• Only use a suitable mouthwash

Any discomfort or adjustment issues should fade after a few days. If, however, this is not the case, the matter should be discussed with the dentist who can determine the underlying cause of the problem or problems.

Having dentures fitted can be a simple and painless process and well worth the time and effort to restore your smile. Maintaining your dentures so they remain in prime condition is an important step in maximising the benefits of dentures and reducing any potential risks.

As a general rule, all early issues, including denture discomfort, are only temporary and will resolve themselves over the first few days. Once the initial phase is over, denture-wearing will become second nature and the new replacements should provide years of service, allowing you to talk, smile, laugh and eat naturally. If you are experiencing denture discomfort, chat to your dental practitioner about your options.

Teeth grinding is a subconscious act that involves grinding, gnashing, or clenching your teeth. Also called bruxism, it is a condition that can cause pain in the jaw, headaches and damage to your teeth.

While teeth grinding during the day is more common, teeth grinding at night can cause more harm as it is more likely to remain unnoticed for longer. It is estimated that up to 31% of adults experience teeth grinding, placing more stress on the teeth and jaw.

The Symptoms of Teeth Grinding

Unless spotted by a sleep partner, the signs of teeth grinding at night may only first be noticed by your dentist. Recognizing the symptoms of this condition offers the chance of an earlier diagnosis, reducing the risk of tooth damage from the effects of a longer period of bruxism.

The main symptoms of teeth grinding at night are:

• headaches
• jaw pain
• facial pain in the morning
• pain when eating
• tooth sensitivity
• worn tooth enamel
• cracked or damaged teeth

What Are the Causes?

Teeth grinding at night, also termed nocturnal bruxism, has many risk factors rather than one specific cause.

Risk factors linked to lifestyle and genetic disposition are classed as primary bruxism symptoms. These include:

• stress, anxiety and depression
• family history of teeth grinding
• lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol and high levels of caffeine consumption
• age, with teeth grinding more common in children and younger adults
• personality traits, with a competitive or more aggressive personality placing you at more risk

Teeth grinding symptoms linked to underlying medical conditions and medications are classed as secondary bruxism symptoms. These include:

• certain medications, including antidepressants like Prozac, anti-anxiety and ADHD medications
• neurological conditions resulting from brain injuries, brain hemorrhage or a stroke
• imbalance in the chemicals in the brain that aid communication between cells

Another common condition linked to teeth grinding is sleep apnea. However, more research is required to establish whether this sleep disorder is a contributing risk factor.

Your healthcare provider will look at your medical history and inquire about your family history if they suspect you are displaying the symptoms of teeth grinding at night. Another method they may use for diagnosing the condition is a sleep study. This would involve an overnight stay where your sleep is monitored for signs of teeth grinding.

What Can Be the Consequences of Teeth Grinding?

While the occasional teeth grinding may not be something to be concerned about, the effects of long-term teeth grinding can be harmful.

A primary issue when teeth grinding is left without treatment is the damage it can do to your teeth. Enamel erosion and cracked or damaged teeth are potential consequences of long-term teeth grinding. Such dental issues can also increase the risk of gum disease and tooth decay.

Jaw pain is a symptom of nocturnal bruxism. The consequence of this can be a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder. The TMJ connects the jaw to the skull and a disorder of this joint can cause further jaw pain, stiffness in the jaw, a popping sound, and even difficulty opening and closing your mouth.

Migraines may also become an issue when teeth grinding remains undiagnosed, as can chronic ear, neck, or shoulder pain.
Teeth Grinding at Night -- Treatment

When you experience teeth grinding and its contributing risk factors determine the treatment your healthcare provider may recommend.

A mouthguard may be recommended for someone who grinds their teeth at night. The mouthguard is custom-made to protect your teeth and gums as you sleep by keeping the upper and lower teeth apart.

A splint is another oral device that is sometimes used. This works by placing the jaw in a more favorable position overnight to help ease the strain on the jaw and the temporomandibular joint.

When lifestyle factors are a cause of teeth grinding, then changes such as quitting smoking or reducing consumption levels of alcohol and caffeine may help. Ensuring your bedroom is quiet, dark and set to a comfortable temperature will also promote better sleep.

Relaxation techniques including meditation, yoga, exercise and reading can also be beneficial. These may provide stress relief if stress and anxiety are factors in your nocturnal bruxism.

Advanced Treatments for Teeth Grinding

Grinding and clenching your teeth can be a hard habit to break, particularly when caused by stress, an underlying health condition or certain personality traits that make you more prone to it.

However, there are more advanced treatments that your healthcare provider may discuss with you to prevent any damaging long-term consequences of bruxism.

1. Medication
An anti-anxiety medication or an anti-depressant may be considered if stress is a factor. A muscle relaxer may also be discussed to help reduce teeth grinding as you sleep. Such medications are prescribed temporarily and are not usually considered a long-term solution.

2. Contingent Electrical Stimulation (CES)
CES uses a pulse of low-level electrical energy that helps relax the muscles in the mouth when a device detects the signs of teeth grinding as you sleep. You are less likely to grind your teeth as frequently when the muscles are relaxed.

3. Hypnosis
Hypnosis is another tool that can be used, and works by transforming your thoughts through the power of suggestion to help reduce and perhaps resolve teeth grinding.

4. Botox
Botox injections offer a temporary relaxation of the jaw muscles. You will need a repeat treatment every few months to continue to benefit from the results.

5. Biofeedback Sessions
Biofeedback helps treat nocturnal bruxism by detecting jaw movement as you sleep and waking you up when you start to grind your teeth. This is achieved using a device that sends you sensations to wake you.

Final thoughts

Teeth grinding at night can go unnoticed and can damage your teeth and result in facial pain. Understanding the factors causing your bruxism will help a healthcare provider recommend the most suitable treatment. This can range from a mouthguard worn overnight to lifestyle changes and more advanced methods such as contingent electrical stimulation.

 Were you aware that more than 25 percent of all men and women over the age of 20 have at least one cavity? Although factors such as lifestyle habits, oral care techniques, and even genetics can all play role, there is little doubt that diet is just as important.

If you want to enjoy a set of pearly whites that lasts a lifetime, what helps strengthen teeth -- and are there certain foods to include in a balanced diet? Let's take a look at five tasty treats that will help to protect the health of your teeth and gums as the years go by.

Cacao

You might be rather surprised to learn that one of the primary ingredients in an average bar of chocolate can actually offer tooth-friendly benefits. Cacao bits (sometimes referred to as cacao "nubs") contain high concentrations of substances known as polyphenols. These plant-derived chemicals are known for their ability to break down oral bacteria, dramatically reducing the chances of suffering from cavities and gum disease.

We should also point out that cacao is excellent for the cardiovascular system. It can help to lower blood pressure and prevent clots. So, get ready to indulge your sweet tooth with a healthy alternative!

Fatty Fish

Some fats are actually good for the body. This is particularly the case when discussing the role that omega fats play. This type of fat is found in fish such as sardines, salmon, mackerel, and tuna. Some studies indicate that omega fatty acids may be able to stave off the effects of gum disease.

Furthermore, these very same fish contain appreciable amounts of vitamin D. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that provides your teeth with a viable source of calcium. Similar to the other bones throughout your body, calcium will benefit your oral cavity and help to prevent mechanical issues such as chipping or cracking. If you want to strengthen tooth enamel, a sumptuous fish dinner could be just what you need.

Grass-Fed Dairy Products

Most of us associate dairy products such as milk and cheese with nutrients including vitamin A and vitamin D. However, these substances are also relatively high in a lesser-known compound known as vitamin K2. Research has indicated that vitamin K2 is essential for healthy teeth and gums. The only problem here is that many individuals (unknowingly) suffer from a vitamin K2 deficiency. As you might have guessed, this is often due to a lack of dairy products.

It is also important to emphasise the consumption of grass-fed foods. The point here is that the chlorophyll found within grass is used by animals to produce vitamin K2. This is not possible when consuming grains and corn. As humans do not have the ability to synthesise vitamin K2, it should be obtained through quality dairy products.

Note that is also possible to absorb ample amounts by eating other foods such as:

• Liver
• Beef
• Eggs

On a final note, these very same foods are excellent sources of phosphorous. Phosphorous is yet another nutrient essential for oral health.

Citrus Fruits

You may have heard that it is best to avoid citrus fruits such as orange and lemons due to their acidic content. This is partially true, as acids can begin to erode the enamel of your teeth. Still, remember that these very same foods are also laden with vitamin C. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant and one of its effects involves improving blood flow to the tissues within your mouth. This is a potent way to combat the effects of gingivitis.

In fact, a study conducted in 2005 found that participants reported fewer instances of bleeding gums after consuming citrus fruits for only two weeks.

If you are still concerned about the acidic content of grapefruits and oranges, simply wash your mouth out with water after eating. This will help to cleanse your palate and it is also an excellent way to remain hydrated throughout the day.

Leafy Green Vegetables

Most of us are familiar with the expression "eat your greens" and there is indeed an oral health component to this mantra. Vegetables such as spinach, kale, and arugula all help to promote a healthy oral microbiome. This is another way of saying that they encourage the proliferation of "good" bacteria within the mouth.

Another advantage of leafy greens partially involves concentrations of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is known as a vasodilator, helping to relax blood vessels so that more nutrients are delivered to the teeth and gums. On a final note, green vegetables in general contain many essential minerals. These very same minerals play a key role in maintaining healthy tooth enamel.

How to Keep Gums and Teeth Healthy

Now that we have examined five oral-friendly foods, what about substances that should be consumed sparingly (if at all)? In this case, a bit of knowledge will certainly go a long way. Here are an additional five foods that every dentist will tell you to avoid:

• Crackers (they contain carbohydrates that are quickly converted to sugar within the mouth)
• Dried fruits (these tend to be high in sugar and can stick to the teeth)
• Soda (high sugar content combined with the presence of carbonic acid)
• Beans (an ingredient known as phytic acid may make it more difficult for the mouth to absorb other nutrients)
• Kombucha drinks that contain added sugar.

Thankfully, all of the beneficial foods mentioned above can be easily obtained and are quite cheap. If you want to learn about even more tasty treats to consider, do not hesitate to speak with your dentist or a qualified nutritionist. There are countless options to explore.

Sources:
1. https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/fast-facts/cavities/index.html
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320731/
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16127404

Did you know that gum disease (also known as gingivitis) is one of the most common oral health conditions in adults. Believe it or not, more than 47 percent of individuals above the age of 30 suffer from this ailment.

If left untreated, serious damage can occur that may lead to complications. Prevention is therefore the best option if you wish to avoid problems.

Let's first take a look at some of the primary symptoms of gum disease. We can then move on to discuss how to get healthy gums by embracing a handful of relatively straightforward habits. After all, there is no better time to make the necessary changes than the present.

What are the Symptoms of Gum Disease?

Gum disease is a rather insidious condition due to the fact that the symptoms tend to develop over time. It is therefore much more difficult to spot before damage has already been done.

This is also why it is crucial to see a dentist regularly. Here are some of telltale symptoms to keep an eye out for:

• Inflamed or tender gums
• A noticeable increase in their redness
• Pain and/or bleeding when brushing or flossing

Note that only the soft tissues are being affected at this stage. It is therefore possible to reverse the effects with a few changes in your routine.

Otherwise, you will allow gum disease to evolve into full-blown periodontitis – which can lead to loose teeth – and eventually tooth loss.

How to Know if Gum Disease has Progressed to Periodontitis

Periodontitis occurs when gum disease begins to impact the underlying bones. The problem here is that more permanent issues such as a loss of bone density and loose teeth can result -- leading to much more intensive treatment options.

We should also remember that unlike gum disease, it is nearly impossible to reverse the damage caused by periodontitis. Some of the signs that you might at risk include:

• Gums that have begun to pull back from the teeth
• Bad breath or a foul taste within the mouth for no apparent reason
• Teeth that have become loose or have already fallen out

It is absolutely critical to seek the advice of a dentist if any of these symptoms are present. If caught at a relatively early stage, it is often possible to mitigate the amount of damage caused by periodontal disease.

Keeping the Bacteria at Bay

As is often the case with your oral health, prevention is undoubtedly the best medicine. Let us now examine how to get healthy gums as well as how to ensure that they remain intact for a lifetime.

Brushing and Flossing

Brush your teeth at least twice per day and make it a point to floss once -- preferably before going to sleep in the evening.

These seemingly simple actions will help to remove any particulate matter that might otherwise become lodged between the teeth and the gums.

If your gums are already sensitive, options such as a soft-bristled toothbrush and a water jet for flossing are viable solutions.

Use a Mouthwash

Mouthwashes are another potent tool within your arsenal. Some of these (known as therapeutic mouthwashes) have been specifically formulated to eliminate plaque and tartar while simultaneously treating the symptoms of gum disease.

You could also speak with your dentist about a prescription in the event that your gum disease has already entered into a more advanced stage.

Abstain from Smoking

Individuals who regularly smoke cigarettes are twice as likely to develop gum disease. The issue here is that smoking dramatically impacts the ability of your immune system to fight off infections.

A weakened immune system can directly affect the health of your gums. Furthermore, it will be much more difficult for the gum tissue to heal itself if damage has already taken place. This is yet another reason why it is finally time to give up cigarettes once and for all.

The Benefits of Fluoride

Fluoride is often touted for its ability to strengthen the enamel of your teeth. While this is certainly the case, we should also mention that this element is just as capable of protecting the gums from conditions such as gingivitis.

Many toothpastes and mouthwashes contain fluoride as an active ingredient. There may also be times when a dentist will be able to recommend products with a higher concentration in the event that gum disease has already been detected.

Visit the Dentist on a Regular Basis

This final recommendation is arguably the most practical and easy to follow. Not only will regular dental exams and cleanings help to spot gum disease at an early stage, but it’s the best way to remove had layers of tartar that might already be present.

A Small Price to Pay

Appreciating how to get healthy gums is not necessarily a complicated process. In many cases, it could involve nothing more than adopting the habits listed above. The main takeaway point here is that unlike some other oral conditions such as a serious cavity or a cracked tooth, gum disease is reversible if detected and treated early.

Are you currently experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned here? If so, speak with your dentist as soon as possible. Solutions could very well be closer than you think.

Sources:

1. https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/gum-disease-by-the-numbers
2. https://www.healthline.com/health/dental-and-oral-health/ways-to-keep-gums-healthy#gum-disease
3. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/periodontal-gum-disease.html

We often take for granted the seemingly permanent nature of our teeth. Unfortunately, this mindset can be quickly "eroded" in the event that damage suddenly occurs. While this can be caused by long-term decay, physical trauma may also lead to issues such as chips and cracks.

So, what if you have recently developed a cracked tooth? Can broken teeth be fixed and if so, what are the options? The main intention of this article is to place your mind at ease by discussing potential solutions -- as well as the role that cosmetic dentistry plays.

Why Might a Tooth Suddenly Crack?

There are many reasons why one or more teeth can suffer from mechanical damage. Some are as commonplace as biting down on a very hard candy and cy chipping a tooth.

Physical trauma also plays a crucial role. A sudden fall or being involved in contact sports are also some of the leading causes of damage to your teeth and/or gums.

A final variable involves a tooth that is already physically weakened. This may occur as the result of a root canal, advanced gum disease or a particularly large cavity -- even if the cavity has already been treated.

Either way, even the smallest of imperfections should be diagnosed and treated right away by a dentist.

How to Spot the Symptoms of a Cracked Tooth

There are times when the damage is altogether obvious such as a large visible crack or when a portion of the tooth is missing. However, other symptoms are more subtle in nature. Here are a handful of warning signs that an expert diagnosis is in order:

• Intermittent pain or discomfort when placing pressure upon the tooth.
• Noticeable redness or swelling around the suspected tooth.
• Sensitivity to hot or cold foods or drinks (such as soup or ice cream).

Note that there are also times when none of these symptoms are present. This is why minor damage may remain unresolved, leading to more serious problems. If you feel that your tooth has suffered from even a tiny chip or crack, do not delay confirming an appointment with a dentist.

A Quick Look at the Different Types of Fractures

Teeth are relatively complex structures and therefore, fractures can occur in a variety of ways. We'll quickly examine five common types of damage before moving on to discuss how a cracked tooth can be treated.

A Root Fracture

This type of damage begins at the root of the tooth and extends vertically to the biting surface. While the entire tooth may be compromised, you still might not feel any pain unless an infection develops.

Hairline Fractures

Sometimes known as "craze lines", these are minute cracks that do not generally extend below the surface of the enamel.

Cracks Around Fillings

Dentists will refer to this condition as a "fractured cusp". There are times when weaker portions of a tooth (such as near an existing filling) may crack off. In the majority of cases, fractured cusps are painless -- but do require a dentist’s attention.

A Tooth That Has Completely Split

In the event that your tooth has been severely damaged, the crack might actually begin at the biting surface and propagate above the gum line. In other words, the tooth is split in two and may need to be extracted. Cosmetic solutions such as partial dentures or implants can then be used to restore the appearance of your smile.

A Simple Cracked Tooth

This final situation involves a crack in a tooth that may or may not extend into the root. This is quite a common scenario and once again, it will require a professional diagnosis.

Can Broken Teeth be Fixed?

Believe it or not, the first examples of cosmetic dentistry can be traced as far back as the Etruscans. At the time, substances such as ivory and gold were used to address damaged teeth. You will be happy to learn that science has advanced in leaps and bounds over the centuries. Let's examine some of the current solutions.

First, a dentist will need to perform specific diagnostic procedures such as:

• A visual examination.
• A bite test to determine the level of discomfort you are experiencing.
• A CT scan or an x-ray.

Your dentist will then choose the most effective treatment option based on the type of damage. For example, a simple surface contouring may be all that is required if only a small portion of the tooth is missing. Bonding or veneers can also be used to address small cracks or fractures.

If your tooth has been split above or below the gum line, a root canal or a complete extraction could be the best option. Note that this will depend on the damage as well as if other issues are present (such as an infection). This is also when an implant or dentures may be warranted.

Having said this, there can also be times when a minor issue might not require any type of intervention. This might occur if your appearance is not altered on in the event that a hairline crack is not at risk of becoming larger.

Adopting a Proactive Mindset

While home remedies such as drinking salt water and using an ice pack might alleviate some of the underlying systems, an expert examination is always warranted. Can cracks in teeth be fixed?

In the majority of cases, you will be provided with cutting-edge options that were not available only a few decades ago. This is the best way to ensure a healthy, attractive and functional smile in no time at all.

Sources:

1. https://www.bostonmagazine.com/sponsor-content/did-you-know-that-by-age-50-americans-have-lost-an-average-of-12-teeth/
2. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21628-fractured-tooth-cracked-tooth

Did you know that nearly 50 percent of all children will suffer some type of injury to the mouth that requires professional intervention? While this number drops off as we reach adulthood, there is little doubt that such traumatic scenarios can still occur from time to time.

Although it is virtually impossible to prevent an unexpected accident, there plenty of ways in which its effects can be dramatically lessened (or even avoided altogether).

One extremely practical method involves the use of a mouthguard and is part of a specialty known as sports dentistry. Your dentist likely has training in sports injury prevention and treatment.

We will first take a quick look at some common injuries to the mouth before discussing how a mouthguard can help to protect the teeth and gums. If you want to learn more about your options -- or you simply hope to safeguard those pearly whites -- this article should provide invaluable insight.

What Types of Injuries to the Mouth Can Occur?

Most of us associate mouthguards with contact sports such as boxing, mixed martial arts (MMA) and rugby. Although this is absolutely true, we need to remember that many physical activities can result in an oral injury.

From losing your balance when jogging in the rain -- to being hit by a pitch during a baseball game -- accidents are simply a part of life.

The injuries can include:

• Trauma to soft tissues such as the gums or the inner cheeks.
• Accidentally biting your tongue.
• Chipped, cracked or even lost teeth.
• Fractures of the jawbone.

We should note here that a mouthguard may not be able to entirely prevent severe injuries. The main intention is to instead lessen their effects. Let's now look at the different categories of mouthguards and the differences among them.

What Type of Mouthguard is the Most Effective?

There are actually a number of unique mouthguards that can be purchased. Three of the most well-known mouthguard types are:

• Boil-and-bite mouthguards
• Custom-fitted appliances
• Performance-enhancing mouthguards

Some readers might already recognise the boil-and-bite type, as these are generally given to young athletes and/or distributed by schools.

The mouthguard is first heated in boiling water to increase its malleability. The wearer will then firmly bite down so that its shape conforms to his or her mouth as it begins to cool.

While this tends to be the most cost-effective type of mouthguard, most sports dentistry experts feel that it does not provide adequate levels of protection. It is therefore better to obtain a custom-fitted alternative.

Customised mouthguards will adhere to the unique shape of an individual's mouth. This is the first reason why they are much more effective. Secondly, a number of materials are used in their design.

Such a mouthguard generally uses a combination of a soft inner layer augmented by a harder acrylic surface. This provides an additional level of protection against blunt-force trauma, reducing the chances of sustaining an acute injury.

A performance-enhancing mouthguard is not only concerned with protecting the teeth and gums. They also intend to align the jaw in a specific manner – to improve endurance, speed and even strength.

This type of mouthguard can sometimes be referred to as mandibular orthopaedic repositioning appliances (MORAs) within medical circles. While highly effective, one potential drawback involves the relatively high price tag associated with this mouthguard. Athletes who hope to enhance their performance could nonetheless opt for such a device.

What Services Can a Sports Dentist Provide?

Let's now imagine that you have recently suffered an oral injury. While a standard dentist could very well provide targeted solutions, more complex matters might require a degree of expertise that only sports dentistry can provide.

The main point here is that a sports dentist will be intrinsically familiar with oral mechanics as well as how to address a specific injury, especially one that has caused a significant amount of trauma.

These experts are also capable of recommending the best type of mouthguard based on your requirements as well as explaining how each variant functions.

There are even instances when a sports dentist may be recommended if you happen to be suffering from chronic oral conditions such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder.

How Will a Sports Dentist Treat an Injury to Your Mouth?

In principle, treating any injury resulting from trauma is not entirely different from addressing relatively common issues such as a severe tongue bite or a cracked tooth.

One major difference may still involve the associated time frame. For example, an athlete might require a temporary appliance such as a bridge in order to be able to compete in an upcoming event.

He or she will be provided with a more permanent solution at a later date. Sports dentists may therefore be required to produce short-term solutions as opposed to a one-off "fix".

The Power of Prevention

No one ever expects to suffer from an injury to the mouth, gums or teeth. Unfortunately, these can and will occur on occasion. Even minor accidents must therefore be evaluated by a trained professional.

The use of a high-quality mouthguard is also an excellent way to reduce the effects of such an injury and in many cases, to prevent any damage that would occur.

Whether you enjoy playing a contact sport or you are simply looking for an effective way to safeguard your smile, it is always wise to speak with a professional about mouthguards. You can then choose the most appropriate option.

Sources:

1. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mouth-and-dental-injuries-in-children-beyond-the-basics/print
2. https://www.yourdentistryguide.com/sports-dentistry/

The health of our teeth and gums is one variable which should never be taken for granted. This is even more pertinent for women who are pregnant. However, studies have found that over 16 percent of all expecting mothers do not prioritise oral healthcare and this can have potentially serious effects.

How might failing to care for your teeth and gums lead to possible health issues? What are some useful tips and tricks to maintain that healthy smile during your pregnancy? Are there any other practical behaviours to keep in mind? If you want to keep those pearly whites intact, take some time to peruse the information found immediately below.

How Can Poor Oral Hygiene Negatively Impact Your Pregnancy?

One common mistake involves the assumption that the condition of the mouth will not have an impact upon the body. This is actually a dangerous supposition to make.

On the contrary, issues with your teeth and gums can lead to seemingly unrelated issues. For instance, studies have linked poor oral health with higher levels of chronic inflammation and even coronary heart disease. While this is a concern for everyone, pregnant women might be opening themselves up to even more grave consequences including:

• Low birth weight
• Premature births
• Cavities and gingivitis
• Loose teeth
• Dry mouth

It is now clear to see that issues with the teeth and gums will impact both mother and child alike. Now that we have taken a look at a handful of undesirable consequences, let's move on by discussing some practical approaches to oral healthcare while pregnant.

How to Ensure the Health of Your Teeth and Gums

Thankfully, there are many ways in which you can maintain a healthy mouth without being forced to dramatically modify your daily routine. The suggestions below are relatively easy to implement and each should be used in synergy with the others.

Consult with Your Dentist

It is first important to notify your dentist when you learn that you have become pregnant. He or she will likely schedule an appointment in order to conduct a thorough examination. This is even more relevant if it has been more than six months since your last visit.

Dentists may also perform additional steps such as taking an x-ray of your mouth or providing you with a fluoride treatment (a chemical that is known to help protect the enamel of your teeth). Above all, always make it a point to speak with a professional at the first sign of trouble (such as bleeding gums that can occur during pregnancy).

Addressing Morning Sickness

Some women will experience the symptoms of morning sickness soon after they become pregnant. The good news is that this condition will normally resolve itself after between 12 and 15 weeks.

However, morning sickness can still cause a great deal of damage to your teeth due to the presence of acids when vomiting. The best way to reduce this risk is to rinse out your mouth with a teaspoon of baking soda immediately after becoming ill. Baking soda will help to neutralise the acids that might otherwise begin to erode the enamel of your teeth.

The Crucial Role of Hydration

As a general rule of thumb, everyone should make it a point to remain hydrated throughout the day. This is even more relevant for those who have become pregnant, as hydration also helps to ensure the health of the child. Drinking plenty of water will likewise benefit your oral health. Water helps to wash away any bacteria that might otherwise begin to accumulate around the teeth and gums.

What About Oral Care Techniques?

Experts recommend using an over-the-counter toothpaste that contains fluoride and to brush at least twice per day. Replace your toothbrush every three or four months (sooner if you notice that the bristles have become frayed).

It is also wise to use an alcohol-free mouthwash before going to sleep every night. Mouthwashes can loosen up any food particles that might have been missed when brushing. Chewing a sugar-free gum that contains a substance known as xylitol after eating is another effective strategy, as xylitol has been shown to kill oral bacteria that could otherwise lead to tooth decay.

Healthy Eating Habits

Nutrition is an obvious concern for any soon-to-be-mother. Adopting a well-rounded diet is equally relevant in terms of your oral health.
First and foremost, try to eliminate any foods that contain high amounts of refined sugars (such as candy bars and soft drinks). This will help to prevent cavities and other issues such as gum disease.

Opt for tasty alternatives including fruits, vegetables, low-fat cheeses, and unsweetened yoghurt. Furthermore, avoid processed foods that may contain artificial colours and/or sweeteners.

Folic Acid

Folic acid is a natural substance that helps to reduce birth defects. Doctors recommend obtaining approximately 600 microgrammes per day. While it is possible to obtain folic acid supplements, the following foods also offer substantial quantities:

• Legumes including beans, peas and lentils
• Green leafy vegetables such as asparagus and broccoli
• Fruits including papayas, oranges and strawberries
• Whole grains that have been fortified with folic acid

Note that these very same recommendations can be employed once you have given birth, as folic acid provides additional benefits to the body.

Never Take Your Oral Health for Granted

When the strategies outlined above are combined with other lifestyle changes such as eliminating alcohol from your diet, exercising and avoiding cigarette smoke, the benefits will be even more profound. Expectant mothers will therefore be able to enjoy a healthy smile while remaining confident in the fact that their little ones are being looked after at all times.

Sources:

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377142/
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6883753/
3. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/pregnancy-morning-sickness
4. https://www.mchoralhealth.org/PDFs/OralHealthPregnancyHandout.pdf

While adults are often concerned about the condition of their teeth and gums, did you know that children might be at an even greater risk of developing oral issues over time?

A recent study found that more than 50 percent of all children between the ages of six and eight have already been diagnosed with at least one cavity. This is why adopting a proactive approach at an early age is one of the best ways to avoid serious issues later in life.

What are some of the duties that a pediatric dentist will normally perform? What type of education are they required to possess? Why is it important to schedule regular visits with this dentist and what will your child expect during his or her visit? These important questions should be made clear to any parent.

What Exactly is a Pediatric Dentist?

A pediatric dentist is associated with the oral care of infants, children and teenagers. This profession is also specifically concerned about monitoring the condition of the teeth and gums, as these areas of the body are still actively developing.

They may also perform other actions such as taking x-rays in order to determine if a child's teeth are properly aligned. If not, he or she might recommend the expertise of an orthodontist.

Pediatric dentists will likewise perform several additional duties. Here are some common examples:

• Providing fluoride treatments in order to strengthen tooth enamel.
• Regular cleanings between teeth and around the gumline.
• Evaluating any mechanical issues (such as an overbite).
• Detecting and treating cavities if required.
• Checking for the presence of gum disease.
• Rectifying any issues associated with an acute injury (such as a chipped or cracked tooth).

In other words, these dentists represent your "one-stop shop" for all issues associated with the oral health of your child.

Education and Training

Similar to other medical professions, those who wish to specialise in pediatric dentistry will be required to undergo a considerable amount of training before joining a practice. This includes obtaining a bachelor's degree from a reputable university, attending dental school and subsequently completing a series of rigorous examinations.

Assuming that these requirements have been obtained, it will then be possible to become either a Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) or a Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS). Finally, he or she enters into a residency programme to obtain even more real-world experience.

It is possible to specialise in a handful of areas particularly concerned with pediatric dentistry including:

• Prosthetics
• Orthodontics
• Periodontics
• Preventative care
• Prosthetic dentistry

We can now see that obtaining a degree and becoming immersed within the world of pediatric dentistry is no easy fit. This is why these very same individuals are passionate about their roles and will go out of their way to ensure the oral health of your child.

Reasons to Schedule Regular Appointments

One common misconception involves the belief that children should only begin seeing a dentist once their permanent teeth begin to emerge.

On the contrary, it is important to schedule an appointment within six months of when the first baby teeth erupt. This arises from the fact that any issues with baby teeth could very well carry over and impact permanent teeth.

Another point to mention involves the educational nature of a pediatric dentist. Children (and some parents) may not be entirely aware of the proper oral health techniques and which habits to embrace. These professionals will provide hands-on guidance that can then be translated into the home environment.

As highlighted previously, prevention is yet another important advantage that this dentist can provide. Children (particularly infants) can often find it difficult to discuss any oral problems that they may be experiencing. Thus, potentially serious issues could be left unchecked. Pediatric dentists will address such situations before they become more profound concerns.

A Typical Visit: A Child-Friendly Experience

As many adults experience dentophobia (a fear of dentists), it only stands to reason that your child might likewise be hesitant of an upcoming appointment.

Thankfully, pediatric dentistry also teaches professionals how to interact with your little ones in order to place their fears at ease from the very beginning. This is important for two reasons.

First, they will be more likely to speak with a parent if a problem exists. Secondly, becoming comfortable with a dentist at an early age can help to establish healthy lifelong habits (such as scheduling an appointment at least once every six months).

So, what can children expect during an average visit with their dentist? Some routine procedures may include:

• A general examination of the teeth and gums.
• A child-friendly discussion involving the proper brushing and flossing techniques.
• Cleaning and polishing the teeth to a mirror finish.

While x-rays may be performed on occasion, these only occur in the event that an underlying problem (such as an issue with the root of a tooth) is suspected. Note that pediatric dentists will also create an atmosphere that is pleasant and inviting for your little one. This helps to allay any fears or anxiety that they may have.

Setting a Solid Foundation for Later in Life

Thanks to modern medical technology, the field of pediatric dentistry now offers a host of solutions for infants, children and teenagers.

These professionals are true experts in their craft and their main goal is to prevent future issues from arising. If your child develops the proper oral health habits at a young age, the chances are high that he or she will not experience any profound dental issues as an adult.

Sources:

1. https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/basics/childrens-oral-health/index.html
2. https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-a-pediatric-dentist
3. https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=a-childs-first-dental-visit-fact-sheet-1-1509